Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme — a small molecule that works alongside enzymes — present in every living cell. It consists of two nucleotides joined by their phosphate groups: one containing an adenine base and the other containing nicotinamide (a form of vitamin B3). Its molecular formula is C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂, with a molecular weight of 663.43 g/mol (CAS 53-84-9).

NAD+ was first described in 1906. It exists in two interconvertible forms: the oxidized form (NAD+) and the reduced form (NADH). As a dinucleotide — a molecule made of two linked nucleotides — it is classified separately from peptides. In its research-grade form, NAD+ appears as a white lyophilized powder that is highly water-soluble but sensitive to light and heat.

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PubChem Reference: View compound profile on NIH PubChem