Thymosin Alpha 1 is a 28-amino-acid peptide with the molecular formula C₁₂₉H₂₁₅N₃₃O₅₅ and a molecular weight of 3,108.32 g/mol. It was first isolated in 1977 from Thymosin Fraction 5, a partially purified extract of calf thymus tissue. The compound is identified by CAS number 62304-98-7 and is also known by the name thymalfasin.

Structurally, Thymosin Alpha 1 is an acetylated peptide — meaning it has an acetyl group attached to its N-terminus (the starting end of the amino acid chain), beginning with serine. It lacks cysteine residues and therefore contains no disulfide bonds, which contributes to its relatively straightforward linear structure. The peptide is classified as a thymic peptide, belonging to a family of compounds originally derived from the thymus gland, an organ located behind the breastbone. It is supplied as a white to off-white lyophilized powder, soluble in water, and requires refrigeration when reconstituted.

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PubChem Reference: View compound profile on NIH PubChem