Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme found in all living cells. It is a dinucleotide — a molecule composed of two nucleotides linked through their phosphate groups — one containing adenine and the other nicotinamide, a derivative of vitamin B3. NAD+ has a molecular weight of 663.43 g/mol and the formula C21H27N7O14P2 (CAS 53-84-9). First described in 1906, NAD+ exists…
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Oxytocin is a cyclic nonapeptide (nine amino acids) with the molecular formula C43H66N12O12S2 and a molecular weight of 1,007.19 g/mol. Its amino acid sequence — Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 — forms a ring through a disulfide bond between the two cysteine residues at positions 1 and 6. First synthesized in 1953, it was the first peptide hormone ever produced in a laboratory. Oxytocin is…
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PT-141 (bremelanotide) is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide belonging to the melanocortin peptide family. It was derived from the research compound Melanotan II and first described in the early 2000s. The molecule features a lactam bridge — a cyclic bond between amino acid side chains — that constrains it into a ring shape. It has the molecular formula C50H68N14O10, a weight…
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Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide based on tuftsin, a naturally occurring tetrapeptide (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) found as a fragment of the immunoglobulin G heavy chain. First described in the late 1990s, it extends tuftsin with a Pro-Gly-Pro tripeptide tail to resist enzymatic breakdown. The compound has the molecular formula C33H57N11O9, a weight of 751.87 g/mol, and CAS number 129954-34-3. Also designated TP-7,…
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Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from the 4-10 fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), with an added Pro-Gly-Pro tripeptide tail for improved stability. It was first described in the late 1980s. The molecule has the sequence Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro, a molecular weight of approximately 826.92 g/mol, and the molecular formula C38H54N12O9. It dissolves readily in water and is supplied as a lyophilized…
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SS-31 is a synthetic tetrapeptide — a chain of four amino acids with the sequence D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2, where Dmt is 2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine, a modified form of tyrosine. Its molecular formula is C32H49N9O5, its molecular weight is approximately 639.8 g/mol, and its CAS number is 736992-21-5. The peptide belongs to a class of mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptides whose structure follows an alternating aromatic-cationic motif (positive…
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TB-500 is the synthetic form of Thymosin Beta-4, a 43-amino-acid peptide first isolated from calf thymus tissue in the 1960s. It has the molecular formula C212H350N56O78S, a molecular weight of 4,963.4 g/mol, and is identified by CAS number 77591-33-4. The peptide is notable for containing a central actin-binding domain — a region structurally complementary to actin, a major structural protein…
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Tesamorelin is a synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), composed of 44 amino acids with the molecular formula C221H366N72O67S and a molecular weight of 5,135.9 g/mol. It is also known by the research designation TH9507 (CAS 218949-48-5). Its structure is identical to naturally occurring human GHRH, except for a trans-3-hexenoic acid group added to the tyrosine at position 1,…
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This blend pairs Tesamorelin with Ipamorelin. Tesamorelin is a 44-amino-acid synthetic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), formed by adding a trans-3-hexenoic acid group to the native GHRH(1-44) sequence. It has a molecular weight of 5135.9 g/mol and CAS number 901758-09-6. Ipamorelin is a pentapeptide — five amino acids — with the sequence Aib-His-D-2-Nal-D-Phe-Lys-NH₂, a molecular weight of 711.86 g/mol,…
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Thymosin Alpha 1 is a 28-amino-acid peptide with the molecular formula C129H215N33O55 and a molecular weight of 3,108.32 g/mol (CAS 62304-98-7). First isolated in 1977 from a calf thymus extract called Thymosin Fraction 5, it is also known as thymalfasin. The peptide has an acetyl group attached to its N-terminus and begins with serine. It contains no cysteine residues and no…
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Thymulin is a nonapeptide — a chain of nine amino acids — produced by epithelial cells in the thymus gland. It was first isolated and characterized in 1977 and has the sequence Pyr-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn, with a molecular weight of approximately 858 g/mol (without zinc). Its molecular formula is C₃₃H₅₄N₁₂O₁₅. Thymulin is chemically unique among thymic peptides because it requires a zinc…
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